{"id":492,"date":"2012-05-20T00:59:16","date_gmt":"2012-05-20T00:59:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/iraia.net\/blog\/?p=492"},"modified":"2012-05-23T04:14:44","modified_gmt":"2012-05-23T04:14:44","slug":"wika-notes-01b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/iraia.net\/blog\/2012\/05\/20\/wika-notes-01b\/","title":{"rendered":"Wika Notes 01b"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>
Tagalog lessons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
I dedicate this series to my increasing number of foreign friends who want to learn, are starting to learn, or have acquired some fluency in, Tagalog. It\u2019s also for my fellow Filipinos who want to refresh and deepen their knowledge of the language.\u00a0Click here for Part 1<\/a><\/h5>\n

Guideline 4. Modern Tagalog recognizes several loan consonants\u2014Ch, Sh, F, J, <\/strong>\u00d1, V, X, and Z\u2014although they are often convertible into double consonants and so are not absolutely needed, except in proper names such as names of people and places.<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

a. Ch<\/em><\/strong> can also be pronounced ts<\/em><\/strong>. Thus, chinelas<\/em><\/strong> (Sp. \u201cslippers\u201d) can be tsinelas<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

b. Sh <\/em><\/strong>can also be pronounced sy <\/em><\/strong>or si.<\/em><\/strong> Thus, shomai<\/em><\/strong> (Ch. \u201cpork dumplings\u201d) is often rendered as si<\/em><\/strong>omay.<\/p>\n

c. F<\/em><\/strong> is often Filipinized into p<\/em><\/strong>. Thus, Filipino<\/em><\/strong> can also be pronounced Pilipino<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

d. J<\/em><\/strong> can also pronounced dy<\/em><\/strong>. Thus, jeep<\/em><\/strong> (a kind of public utility vehicle) is also sometimes rendered as dyip<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

e. \u00d1 <\/em><\/strong>is equivalent to the Tagalog double-consonant ny<\/em><\/strong>. \u00a0Thus, do\u00f1a<\/strong> (Sp. \u201cmadame\u201d) is equally pronounced as donya<\/strong>.<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n

f. Q<\/em> <\/strong>is <\/strong>not a distinct loan consonant. Rather, it is a mere loan letter pronounced as k<\/strong> or kw<\/strong>, depending on the word. It is usually retained in the spelling of proper names.<\/p>\n

g. V<\/em><\/strong> in common loan words is usually Filipinized into b<\/em><\/strong>. Thus, verdugo<\/em><\/strong> (Sp. \u201changman\u201d) is rendered as berdugo<\/em><\/strong>, and vida<\/em><\/strong> (Sp. \u201clife\u201d) becomes bida<\/em><\/strong> (Tag. \u201cmale dramatic lead\u201d). But v<\/em><\/strong> is retained when pronouncing proper names, such as names of places and people (e.g. V<\/em><\/strong>alenzuela, V<\/em><\/strong>eronica), although shifting from v<\/em><\/strong> to b<\/em><\/strong> has minimal effect in understanding.<\/p>\n

h. X <\/em><\/strong>is usually rendered into ks<\/em><\/strong>. Thus, taxi<\/em><\/strong> (Eng. \u201ctaxicab\u201d) and taksi<\/em><\/strong> are exact phonetic equivalents.<\/p>\n

i. Z<\/em><\/strong> in common loan words is usually Filipinized into s<\/em><\/strong>. Thus, zapatos<\/em><\/strong> (Sp. \u201cshoes\u201d) become sapatos<\/em><\/strong> in Tagalog. Filipinos often make sure to pronounce the distinct z<\/em><\/strong> when pronouncing names of people and places (e.g. Z<\/em><\/strong>apote, Z<\/em><\/strong>obel), although shifting from z<\/em><\/strong> to s<\/em><\/strong> has minimal effect in understanding.<\/p>\n

Guideline 5. Pronunciation of multi-syllables and diphthongs tend to lead to clipping, dropping syllables and vowels. The rate of change differs over time and place.<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong>a. The two-syllable a<\/em><\/strong>qu<\/em><\/strong> tends to become aw<\/em><\/strong>, and eventually turns to o<\/em><\/strong> or u<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Take for example the word kaunti<\/em><\/strong> (ka.qun.tiq \u201csmall in number\u201d). In common speech, the unvoiced glottal stop tends to get dropped and produces a diphthong or sliding vowel, kaunti<\/em><\/strong> (kaun.tiq). Among the younger generation, this further shortens to konti<\/em><\/strong> (kon.tiq). In the same manner, isaquli<\/em><\/strong> (\u201creturn [something]\u201d) becomes isauli<\/em><\/strong>, and finally isoli<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

b. aqi<\/em><\/strong> tends to become ay<\/em><\/strong>, and eventually turns to e<\/em><\/strong> or i<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Example: maghintay ka<\/em><\/strong> (\u201cyou wait\u201d) tends to be clipped into hintay ka<\/em><\/strong> (same meaning), and further tends to be further clipped and joined into the compound word tayka<\/em><\/strong> (same meaning), and finally into the new word teka<\/em><\/strong> (same meaning). In the same manner, taqinga<\/em><\/strong> (\u201cear\u201d) becomes taynga<\/em><\/strong> and finally becomes tenga<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Guideline 6. The division of Tagalog words into syllables are guided by the simple patterns CV and CVC.<\/strong><\/p>\n

a. The two most basic patterns of syllables are:<\/p>\n